Process of electing the President of the United States

The process of electing the President of the United States is a complex and multi-step procedure that involves both the popular vote and the Electoral College. Here is an overview of the process:


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  1. Primaries and Caucuses

The election process begins with primaries and caucuses, which are held in each state. These events are used to select the delegates who will support a specific candidate at the national party conventions.

Primaries are statewide voting events where registered voters cast ballots for their preferred presidential candidate.

Caucuses are local gatherings where party members discuss and vote for their candidate in a more open and interactive setting.

Both major political parties, the Democrats and Republicans, hold primaries or caucuses.

  1. National Conventions

Each party holds a national convention to formally nominate its candidate for President and Vice President. The delegates selected during the primaries and caucuses cast their votes.

The conventions are also a platform where party policies, goals, and the official campaign platform are announced.

  1. General Election Campaign

After the nominations, candidates from each party campaign across the country to win the support of voters. They participate in debates, make public appearances, and run advertisements.

The general election campaign focuses on appealing to a broad range of voters, addressing key issues, and distinguishing each candidate’s policies.

  1. General Election

The general election is held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

Voters across the United States cast their ballots for President and Vice President. However, they are actually voting for a slate of electors who have pledged to support their chosen candidate.

  1. The Electoral College

The President is not elected directly by the popular vote but through the Electoral College system.

There are 538 electors in total, corresponding to the number of U.S. Senators (100) plus the number of Representatives (435), plus three electors for the District of Columbia.

Each state has a specific number of electoral votes based on its population. Most states use a winner-takes-all system, meaning the candidate who wins the popular vote in that state gets all of its electoral votes.

To win the presidency, a candidate must secure a majority of 270 electoral votes.

  1. Electoral College Vote

The electors meet in their respective states in December to cast their official votes for President and Vice President. These votes are then certified and sent to the President of the Senate.

The results are formally counted in a joint session of Congress in early January.

  1. Inauguration

The newly elected President and Vice President are sworn into office on January 20 of the year following the election. This day is known as Inauguration Day.

This structured electoral process ensures that the choice of President reflects both the will of the voters and the federal nature of the United States.


अमेरिकामा राष्ट्रपतिको निर्वाचन प्रक्रिया जटिल छ र यसमा जनमत र इलेक्टोरल कलेज दुवैको भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ। यहाँ यसको मुख्य प्रक्रिया वर्णन गरिएको छ:

१. प्राइमरी र ककसहरू

निर्वाचन प्रक्रिया प्राइमरी र ककस मार्फत सुरु हुन्छ, जुन प्रत्येक राज्यमा आयोजना गरिन्छ। यी कार्यक्रमहरूले राष्ट्रपतिका लागि उम्मेदवार छनोट गर्न प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई चयन गर्छन्।

प्राइमरी एउटा राज्यव्यापी मतदान प्रक्रिया हो, जहाँ दर्ता भएका मतदाताहरूले आफ्नो मनपर्ने उम्मेदवारलाई मतदान गर्छन्।

ककस भनेको पार्टी सदस्यहरूले छलफल गरी उम्मेदवारको पक्षमा मत दिने स्थानीय कार्यक्रम हो।

प्रमुख राजनीतिक दलहरू, डेमोक्रेट्स र रिपब्लिकन, दुबैले प्राइमरी वा ककसहरू आयोजना गर्छन्।

२. राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनहरू

हरेक पार्टीले आफ्नो उम्मेदवारलाई औपचारिक रूपमा घोषणा गर्न राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलन आयोजना गर्छ। प्राइमरी र ककसबाट चयन भएका प्रतिनिधिहरूले आफ्नो भोट दिन्छन्।

सम्मेलनहरूमा पार्टीको नीति, लक्ष्य, र आधिकारिक चुनावी कार्यक्रम पनि सार्वजनिक गरिन्छ।

३. साधारण निर्वाचन प्रचार

उम्मेदवारहरूको घोषणा पछि, राष्ट्रपतिको उम्मेदवारहरूले देशभर प्रचार गर्छन्। उनीहरू बहसमा सहभागी हुन्छन्, जनसभामा बोल्छन्, र विज्ञापन सञ्चालन गर्छन्।

प्रचार अभियानले धेरै मतदातालाई आकर्षित गर्न, मुख्य मुद्दाहरूलाई सम्बोधन गर्न, र आफ्नो नीतिहरूको भिन्नता देखाउन केन्द्रित हुन्छ।

४. साधारण निर्वाचन

साधारण निर्वाचन नोभेम्बर महिनाको पहिलो सोमबारपछि पर्ने पहिलो मंगलबार गरिन्छ।

देशभरका मतदाताहरू राष्ट्रपतिको लागि मतदान गर्छन्। तर, उनीहरू प्रत्यक्ष रूपमा उम्मेदवारलाई नभई इलेक्टोरल नामक प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई मतदान गरिरहेका हुन्छन्, जो उम्मेदवारको पक्षमा प्रतिबद्ध हुन्छन्।

५. इलेक्टोरल कलेज

राष्ट्रपतिलाई प्रत्यक्ष जनमतबाट नभई इलेक्टोरल कलेज प्रणालीबाट चयन गरिन्छ।

कुल ५३८ इलेक्टोरल हुन्छन्, जसमा १०० जना सिनेटर, ४३५ जना प्रतिनिधि, र वाशिंगटन डी.सी.का तीन प्रतिनिधि हुन्छन्।

प्रत्येक राज्यको जनसंख्याका आधारमा निश्चित इलेक्टोरल मत संख्या हुन्छ। अधिकांश राज्यहरूमा विजेता सबै मत पाउँछ प्रणाली लागू हुन्छ, जसमा राज्यमा सबैभन्दा बढी मत पाउने उम्मेदवारले सबै इलेक्टोरल मत पाउँछ।

राष्ट्रपति बन्नका लागि कुनै उम्मेदवारले २७० इलेक्टोरल मत जित्नुपर्छ।

६. इलेक्टोरल कलेजको मतदान

इलेक्टोरलहरू डिसेम्बरमा आफ्ना राज्यहरूमा भेला भएर राष्ट्रपति र उपराष्ट्रपतिको लागि औपचारिक मतदान गर्छन्। यी मतहरू प्रमाणित गरी सिनेटका अध्यक्षलाई पठाइन्छ।

जनवरीको सुरुमा एक संयुक्त संसदीय सत्रमा यी मतहरू औपचारिक रूपमा गणना गरिन्छ।

७. शपथ ग्रहण

नवनिर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति र उपराष्ट्रपतिले जनवरी २० मा शपथ ग्रहण गर्छन्। यस दिनलाई शपथ ग्रहण दिवस भनिन्छ।

यो संरचित निर्वाचन प्रक्रियाले राष्ट्रपतिका लागि जनताको चाहना र संघीय प्रणालीको प्रतिनिधित्व दुवै सुनिश्चित गर्छ।


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He is an accountant based in Kathmandu, Nepal. He holds an MBS and an LLB degree. In his free time, he enjoys cycling, hiking, reading, gardening, and spending time with friends and family. He is passionate about learning and sharing his knowledge with others.

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